Ninna-ji, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with over 1,000 years of history dating back to the Heian period, is renowned as a prestigious temple with ties to the Imperial family.
The temple grounds are home to approximately 200 Omuro cherry trees, which are known for blooming later than other sakura varieties in Kyoto. In mid-April, the delicate pink blossoms create a stunning scene alongside the Five-story Pagoda.
Ninna-ji is also referred to as “Omuro Gosho” because Emperor Uda, after abdicating the throne, lived here as a monk. The temple features grand structures such as the Golden Hall (Kondo) and the Five-story Pagoda, both of which contribute to the temple’s majestic atmosphere.
Among the highlights of Ninna-ji is the Niomon Gate, one of Kyoto’s Three Great Gates, which impresses visitors with its formidable presence. The temple, historically managed by Imperial family members as abbots, is a treasure trove of national cultural heritage, including the Golden Hall, important cultural properties, and beautiful gardens. Let’s explore more about this magnificent temple.
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Ninna-ji Temple: What Makes It Special？
Image source: Ninna-ji Temple official website Ninna-ji Temple, located in the Ukyo district of Kyoto, is the head temple of the Omuro school of the Shingon sect and a World Heritage site.
At the entrance of the temple grounds stands the Niomon Gate, one of Kyoto’s three great gates, with statues of the Kongorikishi guardians on either side.
Within the expansive grounds, you will find the nationally designated important cultural property, the Kondo (Main Hall), as well as the Five-story Pagoda, the Miei Hall, and the Kannon Hall, all of which are magnificent structures. The Five-story Pagoda, which stands over 36 meters tall, is the symbolic landmark of the temple.
Ninna-ji is also famous for its late-blooming Omuro cherry trees. Approximately 200 cherry trees are planted on the grounds, which have been designated a National Scenic Spot. The unique appearance of these trees, with their low height and branches that spread out from the base, continues to captivate many visitors.
History of Ninna-ji Temple
Ninna-ji Temple, the head temple of the Omuro school of Shingon Buddhism, has a history spanning over 1,000 years and has a deep connection with the Japanese imperial family.
Let’s explore the history of Ninna-ji Temple.
From Its Foundation to the Omuro Palace
In the second year of the Ninna era (886), Emperor Kōkō initiated the construction of the temple as Nishiyama Gogan-ji. However, after his death the following year, Emperor Uda continued his wishes and completed the temple in 888. The temple was named Ninna-ji after the year of its founding, “Ninna” (仁和).
In 897, after his abdication, Emperor Uda entered a life of religious practice and became the first head priest of Ninna-ji. He built the “Omuro” (also called “Gozasho”) within the temple grounds, making it his residence. The temple was developed as a training ground for Shingon esoteric Buddhism, positioning it as an important institution that preserved and passed on the teachings of Kōbō Daishi (Kōbō Daishi’s orthodoxy).
Prosperity as a Monzeki Temple
Ninna-ji flourished as Japan’s first “Monzeki” temple, where the head priest was typically a member of the imperial family or the aristocracy. The temple was also known as “Omuro Gozasho.”
During the late Heian period, 72 temple complexes and sub-temples were established, with Ninna-ji remaining at the top of the hierarchy as the leading Monzeki temple, maintaining its highest prestige.
As a major temple of the Shingon sect, Ninna-ji enjoyed strong protection from the imperial family and became a central institution for overseeing all Buddhist sects in Japan. Esoteric Buddhist rituals and ceremonies were performed actively, and many important Buddhist scriptures and cultural treasures were collected.
At the Omuro Kaidan-in, ceremonies to bestow ordinations upon those wishing to become Shingon Buddhist monks were also held, underscoring the temple’s crucial role in the Buddhist community.
Wartime Destruction and Reconstruction
During the Ōnin War (1467), Ninna-ji, which had been occupied by the Western army, was attacked by the Eastern army, leading to the destruction of most of its structures.
About 160 years later, in 1634, reconstruction began with donations from Tokugawa Iemitsu. Additionally, during the construction of the Imperial Palace in the early Edo period, several buildings, including the Shishinden (now Kondo) and Seiryo-den (Miei Hall), were gifted to Ninna-ji. The temple’s restoration was completed in 1646.
Throughout the Edo period, Ninna-ji continued to prosper as a prestigious temple, with the imperial family providing its head priests. Even after the Meiji Restoration, the temple maintained its strong relationship with the imperial family.
In the Showa period, Ninna-ji continued to contribute to the protection and preservation of Buddhist culture as the head temple of the Omuro school. In 1994, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the “Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.”
Today, Ninna-ji remains an important training ground for Shingon esoteric Buddhism and continues to attract many visitors as one of Kyoto’s most prominent temples.
Highlights of Ninna-ji Temple
Ninna-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is known for its majestic buildings and beautiful gardens. With over 1,000 years of history and a deep connection to the imperial family, Ninna-ji continues to captivate visitors with its invaluable cultural treasures that have been passed down since the Heian period. Let’s explore the main highlights of Ninna-ji Temple.
Highlights of Ninna-ji Temple
National Treasure: Kondo and Majestic Buddhist Statues
The Late-Blooming Omuro Cherry Blossoms
Five-Story Pagoda and Scenic Garden Views
1. National Treasure: Kondo and Majestic Buddhist Statues
Image Source: DigiStyle Kyoto The Kondo (Main Hall) is the only national treasure at Ninna-ji Temple and was relocated from the Shishinden of the Imperial Palace in the early Edo period. It holds significant historical value as the oldest surviving structure of the Shishinden.
Inside the hall, the Amida Sanzon (Three Amida Statues), along with statues of the Four Heavenly Kings and Brahma, are enshrined. The walls feature vividly painted depictions of Pure Land scenes. Notably, the Amida Sanzon statues, dating from the time of the temple’s founding, mark an important transition in Japanese sculpture, moving from the early Heian style to a more indigenous Japanese approach.
The ceiling inside the Kondo is adorned with 88 colorful flower and bird paintings, preserving the grandeur of imperial architecture and decorative artistry. The restoration work in the Heisei period beautifully revived the golden interior, capturing the hall’s former majestic appearance.
2. The Late-Blooming Omuro Cherry Blossoms
Image Source: Official Website of Ninna-ji Temple Ninna-ji is renowned for its cherry blossoms, especially the Omuro Sakura, which bloom later than other varieties. Approximately 200 Omuro cherry trees grow on the west side of the main gate, and this area has been designated a national scenic spot.
These cherry trees are unique in that they grow to about 3 meters tall with branches spreading from the base, giving them a distinct shape. They are often referred to as “Otafuku Sakura” due to their appearance. The blossoms typically reach their peak from early to mid-April, providing a beautiful harmony with the surrounding Five-Story Pagoda and other temple buildings. As these cherry blossoms bloom about two weeks later than others, they mark the end of Kyoto’s cherry blossom season and are deeply cherished.
The Omuro Sakura, with its low-growing branches and rich pink double flowers, offers a unique beauty that sets it apart from other varieties. During the evening light-up events, visitors can also enjoy the mesmerizing sight of the cherry blossoms at night.
3. Five-Story Pagoda and Scenic Garden Views
Image Source: Official Website of Ninna-ji Temple Standing at 36 meters tall, the Five-Story Pagoda is a representative landmark from the Edo period, built around the same time as the pagoda at Tō-ji Temple. The evenly proportioned layers of the pagoda make it an architectural marvel that captivates all who see it.
The Five-Story Pagoda can be viewed from two distinct garden perspectives: the South Garden and the North Garden, each offering a different atmosphere. The North Garden is a designated scenic spot in Kyoto and features a pond garden, providing a beautiful backdrop for the pagoda and changing views with the seasons.
From the South Garden, visitors can enjoy a view of both the Five-Story Pagoda and the Omuro Sakura, making it an ideal location for photography during the springtime. The garden also features important cultural assets, such as the Kyu-sho Myojin Shrine and the Shin-kyoden (Heart Sutra Hall), blending historical buildings with nature to create a harmonious environment.
At sunset, the pagoda is bathed in the golden light of the setting sun, offering a mystical and unforgettable view.
Best Seasons to Visit Ninna-ji Temple
Ninna-ji Temple offers the beauty of all four seasons. In spring, from early to mid-April, the approximately 200 Omuro cherry trees reach full bloom.
These cherry trees, known for their unique low height and branches spreading from the base, are cherished as the closing chapter of Kyoto’s cherry blossom season.
During autumn, the temple is famous for its stunning foliage, where the Five-story Pagoda and vibrant autumn leaves create a breathtaking scene.
From mid-November to early December, the night illumination event adds a magical atmosphere to the temple.
In early summer, the fresh green leaves are particularly beautiful, while in winter, the snow-covered landscape offers a picturesque view.
To avoid the crowds, it’s best to visit right after opening at around 9:00 AM, when there are fewer visitors and you can enjoy the garden and architecture in a peaceful, quiet environment.
Access to Ninna-ji Temple
Ninna-ji Temple is located in the Ukyo ward of Kyoto, and can be easily accessed by multiple transportation options. Many tourists travel to the temple from Kyoto Station or Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion), so we will detail the best ways to get there from both locations.
From Kyoto Station:
The most convenient way to reach Ninna-ji from Kyoto Station is by taking City Bus No. 26. Get off at the “Omuro Ninna-ji” bus stop, and it will be just a 1-minute walk to the temple. The journey takes about 45 minutes and costs 230 yen.
Alternatively, if you prefer to use the train, take the JR Sagano Line from Kyoto Station to Uzumasa Station, then transfer to the Arashiyama Line and get off at Omuro Ninna-ji Station. This takes around 35 minutes and costs 450 yen.
By taxi, the fare is around 3,500 yen, although the price may vary depending on traffic conditions.
Access Methods Bus, Train, Taxi Time Bus: 45 minutes Fare Bus: 230 yen
From Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion):
To get to Ninna-ji from Kinkaku-ji, take City Bus No. 59 and get off at the “Omuro Ninna-ji” bus stop. This takes about 20 minutes and costs 230 yen.
If you prefer to walk, the journey takes around 30 minutes. Along the way, you can also explore other nearby attractions, such as Ryoan-ji, making it a pleasant walk through Kyoto’s historic sites.
Access Methods Bus, Walking Time Bus: 20 minutes Fare Bus: 230 yen
Ninna-ji Temple: Admission Fees and Visiting Hours
Here is the basic information about Ninna-ji Temple:
Item Details Visiting Hours March to November: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (last entry by 4:30 PM) Admission Fees Gosho Garden (Imperial Garden): Adults 800 yen, Free for high school students and youngerReihokan Museum (Limited period): Adults 500 yen, Free for high school students and youngerOmuro Hanamatsuri (Omuro Cherry Blossom Festival): Adults 500 yen, Free for high school students and youngerGroup Discounts Approximately 10% off for groups of 15 or more Closed Days Open year-round (no regular closure) Required Time Approximately 1 hour Parking Fees Regular car: 500 yen (for up to 100 cars)
Recommended Spots Near Ninna-ji Temple
Here are recommended nearby attractions around Ninna-ji Temple:
Ryoan-ji
Image source: Kinukake no Michi A Zen temple registered as a World Heritage Site, founded in 1450 by Hosokawa Katsumoto, a prominent figure of the Muromachi shogunate. The temple is famous for its rock garden, which features 15 stones set in white sand—a globally renowned site praised by Queen Elizabeth. The temple also boasts a beautiful garden, including the Kyojo Pond to the south, where visitors can enjoy seasonal flowers and scenery. In spring, cherry blossoms; in summer, water lilies; and in autumn, vibrant red leaves provide a contrasting beauty to the serene rock garden.
Myoshin-ji
Image source: Myoshinji Temple official website A large temple complex founded by Emperor Hanazono, it serves as the head temple of the Myoshinji sect of Zen Buddhism. It is often referred to as the “Western Imperial Palace” due to its size and significance. Key attractions include the main hall (Hondo), the Dharma Hall (Hatto), and several important cultural assets. One notable feature is the bell in the Dharma Hall, which was made in 698 and is a national treasure. Visitors can also experience Zen meditation (zazen) sessions, offering a chance to connect with Japan’s traditional culture.
Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion)
Formally known as Rokuon-ji, this World Heritage Site is famous for its three-story pavilion covered in gold leaf. The surrounding Kinkaku-chi pond, the tea house known as Yakeitei offering views of the pavilion, and the 600-year-old pine tree, Rokusho-no-matsu, all add to its beauty. In particular, the sight of the Golden Pavilion reflected in the pond during the autumn foliage season is one of Kyoto’s most stunning views.
Frequently Asked Questions About Ninna-ji
When is the best time to see the Omuro Cherry Blossoms?
The Omuro Cherry Blossoms are known for being late-blooming and are typically in full bloom from early to mid-April. These 200 cherry trees are uniquely short, with a height of around 3 meters, and their branches spread out from the base. The beautiful sight of the blossoms in harmony with the Golden Hall and Five-story Pagoda has been celebrated in many Japanese poems..
What makes the Golden Hall special?
The Golden Hall (Kondo) is the only National Treasure building at Ninna-ji. It was relocated from the Shishinden of the Imperial Palace in the Keicho era. It holds significant value as the oldest surviving structure of its kind. Inside, the main deity, the Amida Triad, along with statues of the Four Heavenly Kings and Brahma, are enshrined. The walls are adorned with vivid depictions of Pure Land imagery.
What are the features of the Five-story Pagoda?
The Five-story Pagoda, standing at a height of approximately 36 meters, was built in 1644 and is an Important Cultural Property. It was constructed around the same time as the pagoda at To-ji Temple and features a distinct Edo-era design, where each layer’s roof is nearly the same size. The main entrance of the pagoda displays a plaque representing the Great Sun Buddha (Dainichi Nyorai), and the walls feature images of the Eight Patriarchs of Shingon Buddhism, various Buddhist deities, and cherry blossom motifs.
What can be seen in the Kannon Hall?
The Kannon Hall, an Important Cultural Property, houses 33 statues of Buddhist deities, including the principal statue of Senju Kannon (the Thousand-Armed Kannon). Other deities include the King of the Three Realms and the Immovable King, along with the 28 Buddhist guardians. The hall also features 370-year-old wall paintings, which still retain their vibrant colors. While typically closed to the public, visitors can view the hall during special viewing periods.
Summary
Ninna-ji Temple, registered as a UNESCO World Heritage site, is the head temple of the Omuro School of Shingon Buddhism and has a history spanning over 1,000 years. The temple grounds feature magnificent buildings, including the National Treasure Golden Hall, and Important Cultural Properties such as the Five-story Pagoda and Kannon Hall.
The late-blooming Omuro Cherry Blossoms are designated as a National Scenic Spot and are cherished as the final cherry blossoms of Kyoto’s season. Additionally, the temple’s gardens, consisting of the South and North Gardens, are recognized as National Scenic Spots, offering beautiful views throughout the seasons.
Ninna-ji is easily accessible from nearby attractions like Kinkaku-ji and Ryōan-ji, making it a must-visit destination during a trip to Kyoto.
