Daitoku-ji, the head temple of the Rinzai Daitoku-ji sect, has a history spanning over 700 years and is known as one of Kyoto’s premier Zen temples.
It has produced influential monks and cultural figures in Japanese history, including Ikkyu Sojun and Sen no Rikyū, and is renowned for its deep connection with the Japanese tea ceremony.
The temple grounds feature national treasures such as the Hojo (Main Hall) and the Karamon gate, along with 24 sub-temples (Tachū). These buildings and gardens, dating from the Muromachi to the Edo period, make Daitoku-ji one of Kyoto’s top tourist attractions.
In particular, Sōken-in, built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to honor the memory of Oda Nobunaga, is a valuable historical structure that tells the story of the Warring States period.
The vast temple grounds, surrounded by tranquility, offer a chance to immerse yourself in traditional Japanese culture and the world of Zen.
In this article, we will explore Daitoku-ji in detail.
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Daitoku-ji Temple: What Makes It Special？
Image source: Daitokuji Temple official website Daitoku-ji, located in the Kita ward of Kyoto, is the head temple of the Rinzai Daitoku-ji sect.
The temple grounds, one of the largest in Kyoto, are dotted with 24 sub-temples, many of which house national treasures and important cultural properties.
The main hall area features the Hojo (Main Hall), a national treasure, along with the Karamon gate, the Sanmon (Main Gate) of Kinmokaku, the Butsuden (Buddha Hall), and the Hoto (Dharma Hall), all of which are majestic structures aligned in a straight line from north to south.
Notably, the dry landscape garden (kare-san-sui) in front of the Hojo is designated as a special scenic spot by the Japanese government. The Karamon gate in front of it is famous for its intricate and luxurious carvings.
Among the sub-temples, four are open for regular visits: Daisen-in, known for its dry landscape garden, Kotō-in, associated with the Hosokawa family, Zuifū-in, founded by Ōtomo Sōrin, and Ryūgen-in, the oldest of the sub-temples.
The temple also has deep ties to the Japanese tea ceremony, and several important cultural properties, including tea rooms, are preserved on the grounds.
History of Daitoku-ji
Daitoku-ji, one of Kyoto’s most prominent Zen temples, has a history spanning over 700 years as the head temple of the Rinzai Daitoku-ji sect. Its history is deeply intertwined with the political and cultural changes of Japan’s medieval to early modern periods. In this section, we will explore the history of Daitoku-ji.
Foundation and Early Development
In 1315, the great Zen master Daitō Kokushi (also known as Sōhō Myōchō) established a small hermitage in the area of Murasakino, supported by the devotion of Akamatsu Norimura. The temple received reverence from Emperor Hanazono and Emperor Go-Daigo, and in 1334, it was ranked first among the Five Mountains (Gozan), on par with Nanzen-ji. However, following a conflict with the Ashikaga shogunate, it was later demoted to the ninth position among the Ten Temples (Jissatsu), and began to develop independently.
During this period, Daitoku-ji maintained strict disciplinary practices as a Zen training temple and produced many distinguished monks. One such monk, Kanzan Egen, a disciple of Daitō Kokushi, played a key role in laying the foundations for the temple’s growth.
Restoration by Ikkyū Sōjun
In the wake of the Ōnin War (1467), during which most of the temple’s buildings were burned down, Daitoku-ji was restored by Ikkyū Sōjun, the 47th abbot of the temple. Known as “Ikkyū-san,” Ikkyū received support from wealthy merchants in Sakai, such as Ōwa Sōrin, to rebuild the temple. Ikkyū was famous for his strict adherence to the monastic code as well as his free-spirited behavior, and his personality and teachings captivated many people.
During this period, Daitoku-ji’s connection with the tea ceremony deepened. Tea masters such as Murata Jukō, Takeno Jōō, and Sen no Rikyū all became involved with the temple. In particular, Sen no Rikyū constructed the “Tai-an” tea room at Daitoku-ji’s sub-temple, Jūkō-in, marking a significant development in the evolution of the Japanese tea ceremony.
Development from the Sengoku Period to Early Modern Era
In 1582, Toyotomi Hideyoshi established the Sōken-in as a memorial to Oda Nobunaga after his death, making it the temple’s associated burial site. Over time, many warlords from the Sengoku period built sub-temples, leading to significant expansion of the temple grounds.
Most of the current temple complex, including the Hojo (Main Hall), Karamon gate, and other important buildings, was developed during this period. Daitoku-ji became a large temple with 24 sub-temples.
During the Edo period, the temple continued to be supported by the Tokugawa shogunate but maintained its independence as a Zen institution. During this time, Daitoku-ji played a crucial role not only as a Zen training temple but also as a center of culture, particularly influencing the development of the tea ceremony and calligraphy (sumi-e). The temple’s cultural contributions have had a lasting impact, influencing Japan’s Zen culture to this day.
Highlights of Daitoku-ji
Daitoku-ji, one of Kyoto’s most prominent Zen temples, is home to numerous cultural treasures, including National Treasures, Important Cultural Properties, and beautiful gardens. The temple, with its over 700 years of history, retains a traditional Zen temple layout, and the following three spots are must-see attractions when visiting.
Highlights of Daitoku-ji
National Treasure: The Hojo (Main Hall) and Karamon Gate
Important Cultural Property: The Hōdō (Lecture Hall) and “Crying Dragon”
24 Sub-Temples
1. National Treasure: The Hojo (Main Hall) and Karamon Gate
Image source: Kyoto Tourism Navi The Hojo is a unique structure with eight rooms arranged in two rows front to back and four columns left to right. Inside, you can admire more than 80 fusuma (sliding door) paintings by Kano Tanyu, including masterpieces such as “Tiger and Bamboo” and “Hawk on Pine Tree,” which showcase the skill of the artist.
The southern garden in front of the Hojo is a beautiful dry landscape garden (karesansui), designated as a Special Historic Site. Facing the garden is the Karamon Gate, a National Treasure that was said to have been moved from Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s Jurakudai Palace. The gate is famous for its intricate carvings of dragons and carp, which represent the peak of Momoyama-period decorative arts. The dragon carvings, in particular, are known for their vivid and dynamic portrayal.
2. Important Cultural Property: The Hōdō (Lecture Hall) and “Crying Dragon”
Image source: Kyoto Tourism Navi The ceiling of the Hōdō is adorned with a magnificent painting of a cloud dragon, created by Kano Tanyu when he was 35 years old. When you clap your hands, the sound echoes in a way that it seems as though the dragon itself is crying, earning it the name “Crying Dragon.” This unique acoustic phenomenon fascinates visitors, and the sound is most pronounced directly beneath the dragon. The sound changes depending on where you stand, adding to the experience.
Inside the Hōdō, you can also see important cultural artifacts, including Buddhist statues and ritual implements. The main image, a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, is considered an excellent example of Kamakura-period sculpture.
In front of the Hōdō is a white-sand garden that adds to the solemn and tranquil atmosphere of this Zen temple.
3. 24 Sub-Temples
Daitoku-ji’s vast grounds are home to 24 sub-temples, each of which holds valuable cultural properties. Among them, the Zen garden at Daisen-in is especially famous, recognized as a masterpiece from the Muromachi period and designated as a Special Historic Site.
Kōtō-in is the burial site of Hosokawa Gracia, a tragic figure from the Sengoku period, and offers a place to remember her life. Sōken-in, built by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, serves as the memorial temple for Oda Nobunaga and enshrines his memorial tablet.
Additionally, Jūkō-in houses the grave of Sen no Rikyū, a key figure in the development of the Japanese tea ceremony, underscoring Daitoku-ji’s deep connection to the tea culture.
Normally, only four of the sub-temples are open to the public, but during the spring and autumn seasons, special openings are held, allowing visitors to experience rare cultural treasures and gardens that are usually closed to the public.
Best Seasons to Visit Daitoku-ji
Daitoku-ji offers beauty throughout the year, with each season bringing its own charm. Particularly, from late October to early December, the autumn foliage reaches its peak, and visitors can enjoy beautiful views in the temple’s gardens and sub-temples.
At Kōba-in, the contrast between the moss and the red leaves is stunning, and in late autumn, the fallen leaves create a carpet of red, resembling a beautiful rug.
Additionally, during the spring and autumn seasons, certain normally closed sub-temples are specially opened to the public, providing a rare opportunity to view valuable cultural assets and gardens.
To avoid the crowds, it’s recommended to visit on weekday mornings, as they are generally less busy even during the special openings.
In the peaceful atmosphere, visitors can enjoy the majestic architecture and gardens of this Zen temple.
Access to Daitoku-ji
Daitoku-ji is located in the Kita Ward of Kyoto City and can be accessed by various modes of transportation. Many tourists visit from Kyoto Station or Kinkaku-ji (the Golden Pavilion), so we will explain the best ways to get there from each.
From Kyoto Station
The most efficient way is to combine the subway and a bus. Take the Karasuma Line subway from Kyoto Station to Kita-Oji Station (approximately 13 minutes, 260 yen), then transfer to a city bus at the Kita-Oji Bus Terminal.
Buses available are routes 1, 101, 102, 204, 205, 206, etc., and you will get off at the “Daitoku-ji-mae” bus stop, which takes about 5 minutes. The total travel time is approximately 32 minutes, and the fare is 490 yen.
For a direct bus, you can take the city bus 206, which takes about 40 minutes but doesn’t require a transfer.
From Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion)
From Kinkaku-ji, the most convenient way to get to Daitoku-ji is by taking either the city bus 12 or 204 route, and getting off at “Daitoku-ji-mae.” The travel time is about 15 minutes, and the bus fare is 230 yen.
Alternatively, walking takes about 20 minutes. The route from Kinkaku-ji to Daitoku-ji passes by Ritsumeikan University and Bukkyo University, making it a pleasant walk with many tourists, especially during the autumn foliage season, when you can enjoy the charm of Kyoto while touring the temples.
Daitoku-ji Admission Fees and Visiting Hours
Here is a summary of the admission fees and visiting hours for Daitoku-ji:
Item Details Visiting Hours 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM (last admission) Admission Fees Grounds: Free Always Open Subtemples – Ryozen-in: Adults 400 yen, Children 300 yen Subtemples Always Open Ryozen-in, Zuifuin, Daisen-in, Koto-in Special Openings Kojuin, Koryu-in, Sogen-in, etc. (Limited to Spring and Autumn) Tea Ceremony Matcha: 300 yen – 500 yen (depending on the subtemple) Holidays Open year-round (may vary by subtemple) Time Needed 2–3 hours
Recommended Spots Around Daitoku-ji
There are several historic and interesting places surrounding Daitoku-ji.
Here are two recommended spots:
Imamiya Shrine
Image source: Imamiya Shrine Official Website Imamiya Shrine is known for its blessings of health, longevity, and good relationships. The shrine grounds are spacious, with several spots to visit, including the main shrine and the Yakusha Shrine. A notable feature is the “Aho-kashi” stone, which is used for fortune-telling. Visitors lift the stone, and if it feels light, it is said that their wish will come true.
On the shrine’s approach, there are two shops selling aburi mochi (grilled rice cakes). These sweet and savory rice cakes are considered to have protective benefits against illness and misfortune. Every June, the shrine hosts the “Nagoshi-no-Harae” ceremony, during which visitors pass through a sacred straw ring for purification.
Kenkun Shrine
Image source: Keihan Hotels & Resorts Kenkun Shrine is located on the summit of Mount Funaoka and offers stunning views of the surrounding city and Mount Daimonji. The shrine is dedicated to Oda Nobunaga, a famous warlord, and is particularly popular among fans of military history and, more recently, sword enthusiasts. The shrine’s sacred items, including stamps and souvenir books, feature designs inspired by Nobunaga and swords, making it a unique spot for visitors.
In June, the shrine holds the “Nobunaga Memorial Day” (Shinchou-ki), during which a procession of warriors in armor and demonstrations of gun fighting take place. There are also displays of a statue of Nobunaga and a replica of the gun he supposedly used, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.
Frequently Asked Questions about Daitoku-ji
What is the “Crying Dragon” of Daitoku-ji?
The “Crying Dragon” refers to the powerful “Cloud Dragon” painting by Kano Tanyu, created when he was 35 years old, located on the ceiling of the Hoto (Main Hall). When you clap your hands directly beneath the painting, the sound echoes as if the dragon itself is crying. Unlike Tanyu’s more delicate works in the Hojo, this painting is drawn with bold strokes, overwhelming viewers with its intensity.
Why is the National Treasure’s Karamon gate called the “Nichigomom” (Sunset Gate)?
The Karamon gate, believed to be a relic from Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s Juraku Palace, features about 40 vivid carvings of creatures such as kirin (mythical hooved beast), peacocks, and motifs like peony and waves. The beauty of these carvings is so captivating that one can lose track of time, leading to it being called the “Nichigomom,” or “Sunset Gate,” because it feels like the day passes while admiring it.
Why is Daitoku-ji deeply connected to the tea ceremony?
Since Ikkyu Sojun became the abbot, many influential tea masters, including Murata Juko, Takeno Joo, and Sen no Rikyuu, have had strong ties with Daitoku-ji. Particularly, Sen no Rikyuu constructed the “Taian” tea room at the Juko-in sub-temple, using Daitoku-ji as a stage to perfect the style of wabi-cha (a Japanese tea ceremony characterized by simplicity and rusticness).
What historical episodes are related to the Sanmon (Main Gate) “Kingyo-kaku”?
After the Onin War, the lower floor of the Kingyo-kaku was completed with a donation from the renga poet Socho. Later, the second floor was added by Sen no Rikyuu. A famous episode is that Rikyuu had a statue of himself wearing straw sandals placed on the upper floor, which angered Toyotomi Hideyoshi, contributing to Rikyuu’s forced seppuku (ritual suicide).
Summary
Daitoku-ji, the head temple of the Rinzai Daitoku-ji sect, was founded in 1315 by the great monk Daito Kokushi and is one of Kyoto’s most renowned Zen temples.
The temple grounds are home to national treasures such as the Hojo (Main Hall) and Karamon gate, along with 24 sub-temples (known as “tacho”), preserving valuable structures and gardens from the Muromachi to Edo periods.
Daitoku-ji has produced many notable figures in Japanese history, including the Zen master Ikkyu Sojun and the famous tea master Sen no Rikyuu, and is especially known for its deep connection to the Japanese tea ceremony.
While only four of the sub-temples are open to the public year-round, special openings are held in spring and autumn, allowing visitors to view precious cultural assets that are usually not accessible.
If you’re visiting Kyoto, be sure to stop by and experience this historic and cultural treasure.
