The mysterious rock garden of Ryoan-ji Temple, with its white sand and 15 stones, continues to captivate visitors from around the world.
This Zen temple, located in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, was established in 1450 by Hosokawa Katsumoto, a powerful figure of the Muromachi shogunate.
The rock garden gained international recognition after Queen Elizabeth II’s visit and high praise in 1975.
One of its most intriguing features is that only 14 stones are visible from any single viewing angle, with all 15 stones visible only from one specific spot.
The garden’s design represents a deeper meaning – in Eastern culture, the number 15 symbolizes perfection, and the intentional arrangement that shows only 14 stones expresses the concept of imperfection, reflecting the Japanese belief that “things begin to decay as soon as they are completed”.
The creator and the true meaning behind this garden remain a mystery, yet it has continued to move people’s hearts for over 600 years.
The rocks appear to float on a sea of white sand, creating tension and perfect balance between each other.
The Koyo Pond (Mirror Pond) offers a striking contrast to the rock garden, changing its appearance with the seasons.
During the Heian period, nobles would enjoy boat rides on this pond while being entertained with songs and dance.
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Ryoan-ji Temple: What Makes It Special？
Image Source: Kinukake-no-Michi Located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Ryoan-ji Temple is a Zen temple of the Rinzai sect, affiliated with Myoshin-ji Temple, and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The temple’s most notable feature is its karesansui rock garden, measuring 30 meters from east to west and 10 meters from north to south. It features 15 stones arranged on a bed of white sand. The garden gained global recognition after being praised by Queen Elizabeth II.
The rock garden incorporates Western design principles such as the golden ratio and perspective, creating a sense of infinite expanse within a limited space.
On the southern side of the temple grounds lies the expansive Kyoyo Pond, where visitors can enjoy seasonal flowers and picturesque scenery throughout the year.
To the north of the main hall (hojo ), you’ll find the “Tsukubai of Knowing Contentment,” donated by Tokugawa Mitsukuni, inscribed with the phrase Ware Tada Taru o Shiru (“I only know contentment”).
In the eastern garden of the hojo , there is a wabisuke camellia , said to be the oldest in Japan. It is believed that even Toyotomi Hideyoshi admired its beauty.
History of Ryoan-ji Temple
Ryoan-ji Temple is a renowned Zen temple with a history spanning over 570 years, from the Muromachi period to the present day.
In this chapter, we’ll delve into the fascinating history of Ryoan-ji Temple.
From Founding to the Ōnin War
In 1450 (Hōtoku 2), Katsumoto Hosokawa, a prominent figure in the Muromachi Shogunate, acquired a villa from the Tokudaiji family and established Ryoan-ji Temple with Giten Gensho, the fifth abbot of Myoshin-ji Temple, as its founding priest.
The temple’s name originates from a Zen master, Juetsu, of Tōsotsu-ji Temple on Mount Longan in Northern Song China, who guided the Zen practice of Zhang Shangying.
However, only 18 years after its establishment, in 1468 (Ōnin 2), the temple was burned down during the Ōnin War, as it belonged to Katsumoto Hosokawa, commander of the Eastern Army, and became a target of attacks by the Western Army.
Restoration and Development
In 1488 (Chōkyō 2), Katsumoto’s son, Masamoto Hosokawa, began restoring the temple, and the main hall (hojo ) was completed in 1499 (Meiō 8).
Later, leaders like Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi donated land and resources to the temple. Hideyoshi, in particular, visited the temple in 1588 and issued a decree prohibiting deforestation and hunting in the area, protecting the temple grounds.
During the Edo period, Kyoyo Pond became famous as a habitat for mandarin ducks and was highly regarded as part of a scenic stroll garden.
From Modern Times to World Heritage Recognition
In 1797 (Kansei 9), a massive fire destroyed the main hall and Buddha hall. The current main hall was relocated from Saiho-in, a sub-temple of Ryoan-ji.
In 1954 (Showa 29), the hojo garden was designated as a Special Place of Scenic Beauty by the Japanese government. In 1975 (Showa 50), Queen Elizabeth II visited the rock garden, bringing it global recognition.
Finally, in 1994 (Heisei 6), the rock garden and the entire temple precinct were inscribed as part of the “Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto” on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Today, Ryoan-ji is a popular destination attracting visitors from all over the world.
Highlights of Ryoan-ji Temple
Ryoan-ji Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site, features gardens and structures that reflect the spirit of Zen.
Within the serene temple grounds, visitors can find peace of mind while experiencing the traditional beauty of Japan and the philosophy of Zen.
Highlights of Ryoan-ji Temple
The Enigmatic Rock Garden Revered Worldwide
The Tsukubai: A Lesson in Contentment
Kyoyo Pond: A Mirror of the Four Seasons
1. The Enigmatic Rock Garden Revered Worldwide
Image Source: Ryoan-ji The karesansui (dry landscape) garden, with its 15 stones set upon a bed of white sand, is a globally renowned attraction admired even by Queen Elizabeth II.
This 30-meter-wide by 10-meter-deep garden features stones arranged in a 5-2-3-2-3 pattern, creating the illusion that the number of visible stones changes depending on the viewing angle.
Designed using principles such as the golden ratio and perspective, the garden conveys a sense of infinite expanse within its limited space. Combined with the mystery of its unknown creator, this garden continues to captivate hearts over six centuries.
2. The Tsukubai: A Lesson in Contentment
Image Source: NEWS Tsukuba To the north of the hojo (main hall) lies the “Tsukubai,” a stone washbasin donated by Tokugawa Mitsukuni.
The central water hole is designed to resemble the character “口” (mouth), and the surrounding engraved characters combine to form the phrase “Ware tada taru wo shiru” (I only know contentment).
This Zen teaching emphasizes the richness of a mind that finds satisfaction in the present. Traditionally used to purify hands before entering a tea room, the tsukubai embodies the essence of Japanese culture and Zen philosophy in daily actions.
3. Kyoyo Pond: A Mirror of the Four Seasons
Image Source: Kyoto Rental Cycle Eco Trip Kyoyo Pond, located in the southern part of the grounds, is a historic garden where aristocrats once enjoyed boating and elegant pursuits.
The pond reflects the seasonal beauty of nature: cherry blossoms in spring, water lilies in summer, and vibrant autumn leaves. Its vivid expressions provide a striking contrast to the tranquil rock garden.
During the Edo period, Kyoyo Pond was known as a haven for mandarin ducks. Today, visitors can still observe herons and ducks resting on its peaceful waters.
Best Seasons to Visit Ryoan-ji Temple
Ryoan-ji Temple offers breathtaking views throughout the year, with each season showcasing its unique charm.
Autumn (Late November to Early December): Spring (Early March to Early April): wabisuke camellia, believed to be the oldest of its kind in Japan.Summer:
Tips for Enjoying Your Visit
To avoid crowds, consider visiting around 8:00 AM when the gates open or in the late afternoon. The quiet morning hours, in particular, offer a serene environment to appreciate the rock garden and other attractions at their best.
Access to Ryoan-ji Temple
Located in Kyoto’s Ukyo Ward, Ryoan-ji Temple is easily accessible through multiple transportation options. Many visitors come from Kyoto Station or Kinkaku-ji Temple, so here’s a detailed guide for each route.
From Kyoto Station
By Bus:
Take City Bus Route 50.
Get off at the Ritsumeikan Daigaku-mae stop, then walk for about 7 minutes to reach the temple.
Travel time: ~1 hour
Fare: ¥230
By Train:
Take the JR Sanin Main Line from Kyoto Station to Hanazono Station .
From there, it’s approximately a 2-kilometer (30-minute) walk to the temple.
By Taxi:
Taxis from Kyoto Station cost around ¥2,500, depending on traffic conditions.
Travel time: ~30 minutes
Transportation Travel Time Cost Bus ~1 hour ¥230 Train & Walking ~45 minutes Train fare (~¥200) Taxi ~30 minutes ~¥2,500
From Kinkaku-ji Temple
By Bus:
Take City Bus Route 59 heading toward Yamagoe Nakacho .
Get off at the Ryoanji-mae stop, right near the temple.
Travel time: A few minutes
Fare: ¥230
On Foot:
The temple is about a 20-minute walk along the scenic Kinukake no Michi path.
Along the way, you’ll also pass other notable sites like Ninna-ji Temple, making for a pleasant stroll.
Transportation Travel Time Cost Bus A few minutes ¥230 Walking ~20 minutes Free
Admission Fees and Visiting Hours of Ryoan-ji Temple
Below is a summary of essential information about Ryoan-ji Temple:
Item Details Visiting Hours – March 1 to November 30: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM Admission Fees – Adults: ¥600 Closed Days Open year-round (no holidays) Duration Approximately 30–40 minutes Parking Free for 1 hour for stone garden visitors
Recommended Spots Near Ryoan-ji Temple
The area around Ryoan-ji is dotted with fascinating sites, including UNESCO World Heritage locations. Here are three highly recommended nearby attractions.
Kinkaku-ji
Kinkaku-ji, officially named Rokuon-ji, is a World Heritage site renowned for its three-story pavilion covered in gold leaf. In 2020, the roof underwent its first rethatching in 20 years, restoring its brilliance. The temple grounds feature the 600-year-old Rikushu Pine, recognized as one of Kyoto’s three great pine trees. Surrounding the pavilion is Kyoko Pond, which offers stunning reflections of Kinkaku-ji and its seasonal foliage. This spot is particularly breathtaking in autumn, drawing numerous visitors to one of Kyoto’s most popular attractions.
Ninna-ji Temple
Ninna-ji Temple, another World Heritage site, is famed for its late-blooming Omuro Cherry Blossoms. The temple grounds are home to numerous National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties, including the Nio Gate, celebrated as one of Kyoto’s three great gates. Inside the Reimei-den Hall, visitors can see an 11-centimeter-tall seated statue of the Medicine Buddha. On the 8th of each month, the temple offers a special limited-edition stamp to visitors. The temple is particularly captivating during the cherry blossom season in spring, making it an excellent addition to a visit to Ryoan-ji.
Toji-in Temple
Toji-in Temple, known as the family temple of the Ashikaga Shogunate, completed renovations of its Reiko-den Hall and Hojo in 2020. The gardens, attributed to the renowned landscaper Musō Soseki, showcase seasonal flowers such as azaleas, hanashōbu, and hibiscus. Autumn is an especially beautiful time to visit, with vibrant foliage enhancing the temple’s serene atmosphere. Toji-in also has a deep connection to Japanese cinema history, as the grave of Shozo Makino, a pioneering film director, is located within its grounds. This tranquil and historically significant spot offers a quiet retreat from the busier attractions in the area.
Frequently Asked Questions About Ryoan-ji
How many stones make up Ryoan-ji’s rock garden?
The rock garden consists of 15 stones arranged across a white sand area measuring 30 meters east to west and 10 meters north to south. These stones are placed in five groups (5-2-3-2-3), and it is impossible to see all 15 stones at once from any single vantage point.
When was Ryoan-ji designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Ryoan-ji was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1994 as part of the “Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto.”
How much time should I plan for a visit to Ryoan-ji?
The typical visit takes about 30 to 40 minutes.
What is the admission fee for Ryoan-ji?
Admission is ¥600 for adults, ¥500 for high school students, and ¥300 for elementary and junior high school students.
Summary
Located in Ukyo Ward, Kyoto, Ryoan-ji is a Zen temple of the Rinzai school under the Myoshin-ji sect and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The temple is renowned for its mysterious rock garden, composed of white sand and 15 stones arranged in a way that intrigued even Queen Elizabeth II, garnering international acclaim.
Within the grounds, Kyoyo Pond offers a stunning seasonal spectacle, with cherry blossoms in spring, water lilies in summer, and vibrant autumn foliage, presenting a colorful contrast to the minimalism of the rock garden.
Other highlights include the “Tsukubai” (stone washbasin) donated by Tokugawa Mitsukuni, which conveys the Zen teaching of knowing sufficiency, and one of Japan’s oldest wabisuke camellia trees.
Conveniently located about a 20-minute walk from Kinkaku-ji, Ryoan-ji is a must-visit destination when exploring Kyoto.
